Tourism in Nineveh.
From the colossal Assyrian palace mounds and the UNESCO World Heritage city of Hatra to the rebuilt Al-Hadbāʾ Minaret and the 124 restored heritage houses of the Old City; from the planned 2026 reopening of the Mosul Museum to the cathedrals of the Nineveh Plain and the Yazidi temple at Lališ — an account of what Nineveh has to offer the visitor, what was lost in 2014–2017, what has been restored, and the careful work of building a sustainable visitor economy on the foundation of an extraordinarily rich heritage.
Few provinces in the world contain such a concentrated density of layered heritage as Nineveh. Within an hour's drive of central Mosul lie the ruined palaces of Sennacherib and Ashurbanipal at Nineveh, the temple-and-palace mound of Nimrud, the Sargonid capital at Khorsabad, the Roman-Parthian caravan city of Hatra, the Christian monasteries of Mar Mattai and Rabban Hormizd, and the Yazidi temple complex at Lališ. Within the city of Mosul itself: the 850-year-old Al-Nūrī Mosque (rebuilt and reopened 1 September 2025); the Dominican Al-Saa Convent (founded 1870) and the Syriac Catholic Al-Tahera Church (1862); the Mosul Museum (Iraq's second-largest after the Iraq Museum in Baghdad, scheduled to reopen in autumn 2026); and 124 restored traditional moslawi heritage houses in the rebuilt Old City. Beyond the city, the lakes of Mosul Dam and Dohuk and the mountains of Sinjar and Akre offer the natural-landscape side of what could, in time, become one of the more remarkable cultural-tourism circuits in West Asia.
Could become. The events of 2014–2017 broke the visitor economy that existed before them and made the rebuilding of one of the central tasks of the post-2017 recovery, alongside the rebuilding of education, health and infrastructure that this archive treats in its own entries. The story of tourism in Nineveh from 2018 to 2026 is therefore a story of the restoration of monuments and access alongside the slower work of restoring the wider hospitality economy, the security framework, the transport network, and the public confidence that allows visitors — domestic and international — to come at scale. This entry surveys the state of that work at the half-decade mark since 2017 liberation.
i. Tourism in Nineveh: the longer arc
Nineveh's modern tourism economy is not new. The nineteenth-century European traveller-archaeologists who excavated at Nineveh and Nimrud — Layard, Rassam, Botta, the later academic missions from the British Museum, the Louvre, the Pennsylvania Museum and elsewhere — were the first organised visitors in numbers. They were followed in the early twentieth century by the small but steady stream of British, French, German and American travellers and academics who came to see the sites of "Mesopotamia" first under Ottoman administration and then under the British Mandate. Local Iraqi tourism — students, families, religious pilgrims — developed alongside through the twentieth century, particularly after the 1952 opening of the Mosul Museum.
The period from the 1970s through the 2003 invasion was the peak of organised tourism in Nineveh. Domestic Iraqi tourism from Baghdad, Basra, and the southern provinces brought thousands of school students annually to Nineveh and Nimrud; the Mosul Museum received regular visiting groups; religious pilgrimage to the Tomb of the Prophet Jonah (Nabi Yunus) on the eastern bank of the Tigris drew Muslim, Christian and Jewish visitors alike across centuries; and international academic tourism to the archaeological sites continued through the Iran-Iraq War and the 1991 Gulf War, though at reduced levels. Hatra, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985 (the first in Iraq), was the principal international draw.
The 2003 invasion and the subsequent insecurity broke this pattern. International tourism effectively ceased; domestic tourism continued at reduced levels through the 2003–2014 period, with the Mosul Museum operating intermittently. The 2014 Daesh takeover then ended what remained: the city's heritage sites were systematically targeted for destruction (Heritage, §§ ii–vii), the Mosul Museum was sacked (Heritage, § iv), Hatra and Nimrud were attacked, and the Yazidi temple at Lališ became inaccessible to the displaced Yazidi community for whom it serves as the principal pilgrimage site.
Since 2017, the recovery has proceeded along two parallel lines. The first — better-documented and more visible — is the restoration of the principal heritage sites themselves, undertaken largely under the UNESCO Revive the Spirit of Mosul initiative with UAE, EU and other partners (Heritage, § i). The second — quieter and less complete — is the rebuilding of the visitor economy proper: the hotels, restaurants, tour operators, transport, security framework and marketing institutions that turn a site into a destination. The first has now largely been delivered for the most iconic sites; the second is years from completion.
ii. Archaeological tourism: Nineveh, Nimrud, Khorsabad, Hatra
Nineveh's archaeological tourism circuit centres on four sites of world-historical importance, each with its own particular condition and access:
Nineveh (the ancient capital), on the eastern bank of the Tigris within modern Mosul, is the most accessible of the four. The two great mounds — Tell Kuyunjik, containing the South-West Palace of Sennacherib and the North Palace of Ashurbanipal, and Tell Nebi Yunus, beneath which lies an Assyrian palace partially revealed by excavation after the 2014 destruction of the Tomb of Jonah — are within the modern city. The gates of the ancient city wall (Adad, Mashki, Nergal, Šamaš) were progressively damaged or destroyed during the occupation; their reconstruction has been led by a partnership of the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage and the Pennsylvania Museum, with the Mashki Gate among those reopened. The on-site palace reliefs at Nineveh, protected under a modern roof from the 1970s, sustained damage during the occupation and have been partially restored. Access is open and free to visitors.
Nimrud (ancient Kalḫu), 30 km south of Mosul, was the Neo-Assyrian capital under Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BCE) and the source of much of the Mosul Museum's monumental sculpture. Daesh used heavy machinery to demolish the surviving palace structures at Nimrud in March 2015; the site has been undergoing progressive restoration since 2018 under Iraqi SBAH teams in partnership with the World Monuments Fund and the Smithsonian Institution. The North-West Palace structure has been partly rebuilt and the site is gradually opening to visitors. Access requires coordination with SBAH and is best arranged through licensed tour operators.
Khorsabad (Dur-Šarrukin), 15 km northeast of Mosul, the short-lived capital of Sargon II (722–705 BCE), was less catastrophically damaged than the other sites but the carved guardian sculptures and reliefs were affected. The site has been progressively re-secured since 2018 and the village above the ancient site is now safely accessible.
Hatra (al-Ḥaḍr), in the southern desert of Nineveh, is the most significant of all from a tourism perspective: a Roman-Parthian caravan city of the first and second centuries CE, inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985 as Iraq's first World Heritage Site. The city was a strategic trade entrepôt linking the Parthian and Roman empires and contains the most complete surviving Parthian-era temple complex anywhere, with monumental ashlar walls and gates surviving to substantial height. Hatra suffered significant damage from Daesh in 2015 (the group released propaganda video of the destruction) and was placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger in 2015. Restoration has been undertaken by SBAH in partnership with international organisations, but the site's location in southern Nineveh, the security framework around it, and the slower pace of restoration there mean that Hatra remains less accessible to visitors than the urban sites; structured tours through Iraqi operators are the principal route for visitors.
Beyond these four headline sites, the province contains several other significant archaeological locations: Tell Halaf (the type-site of the Neolithic Halafian culture, near the Khabur valley); Tell Afar (with significant pre-Islamic remains beneath the modern town); and several Roman, Sasanian and early Islamic period sites. A handful of these are accessible to the dedicated visitor with SBAH coordination.
iii. Religious tourism
Nineveh's religious heritage is treated in detail in our Heritage entry (§§ ii–vi); the question here is its accessibility and significance for visitors. The principal sites are now mostly open and visitable, with the September 2025 inauguration of the three flagship reopenings — the Al-Nūrī Mosque, the Al-Saa Convent and the Al-Tahera Church — marking the culmination of the UNESCO Revive the Spirit of Mosul programme's heritage pillar.
The Great Al-Nūrī Mosque (Jāmiʿ al-Nūrī), with its rebuilt Al-Hadbāʾ Minaret, is now once again the dominant landmark of Mosul's skyline and the centrepiece of any visit to the Old City. The mosque was officially reopened on 1 September 2025 by Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, with UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay's deputy attending; UAE Minister of Culture Sheikh Salem bin Khalid Al-Qassimi and Minister of State Noura bint Mohammed Al-Kaabi represented the principal donor. The minaret has been faithfully reconstructed to its historic 1.6-metre lean and is once again the iconic vertical of Mosul's skyline. Friday prayers have resumed, and visitors are welcomed outside prayer times.
The Al-Saa Convent (Our Lady of the Hour, founded 1870 by Dominican missionaries) was reopened the same day; its restored sanctuary, its iconic four-faced clock tower donated in 1880 by Empress Eugénie de Montijo, and its rehabilitated prayer house and education centre are accessible to visitors and welcoming worshippers again. The Al-Tahera Church (Syriac Catholic, in its current form from 1862) was returned to the Syriac Catholic community in September 2024 and was formally reopened with the other two sites on 1 September 2025; its choir sang during the inauguration ceremony.
The Tomb of the Prophet Jonah (Nabi Yunus / Yonan), on the eastern hill of the same name within Mosul, is a historic shared pilgrimage site venerated by Muslims, Christians and Jews across the centuries. The shrine was destroyed by Daesh on 24 July 2014, with subsequent excavation at the site by Iraqi archaeologists revealing the substantial remains of a previously suspected but never excavated eighth-century BCE Assyrian palace beneath. The mosque has been progressively rebuilt by the Iraqi Ministry of Endowments; the archaeology underneath is being progressively studied and presented for visitors.
Beyond Mosul itself, the religious circuits of Nineveh extend through the Nineveh Plain. The Christian villages — Bartella, Karemlash, Bashiqa, Bahzani, Bakhdida (Qaraqosh) — were largely depopulated during the 2014–2017 occupation but are progressively repopulating; their churches, several of them very old (Mar Behnam Monastery dates to the fourth century, Mar Mattai Monastery to the fourth century with rebuilds), are progressively being restored. The Yazidi temple complex at Lališ, the principal pilgrimage site for the global Yazidi community, sits in northeast Šeẖan district within Nineveh's administrative boundary, though governed in partnership with the Kurdistan Regional Government; the complex was not occupied by Daesh and remains the principal Yazidi religious destination. The Sufi sites of Mosul, including the thirteenth-century shrine of Imam Awn al-Din (damaged during the occupation and now under restoration), and the smaller Shia and Sunni shrines across the province, complete the religious-heritage circuit.
iv. The Old City and the heritage-house circuit
One of the most distinctive features of post-2017 Mosul tourism is the rebuilt Old City itself as a destination. By UNESCO estimate, approximately 80% of Mosul's historic town was destroyed during the 2014–2017 occupation and its retaking; the reconstruction undertaken since 2018 has been led by UNESCO under the Revive the Spirit of Mosul initiative with substantial UAE and EU funding, and includes — alongside the three flagship religious sites — the rehabilitation of 124 heritage houses across the Old City. These traditional moslawi houses combine local fossiliferous limestone (the city's distinctive building stone), marble panels, latticed mashrabiyya wooden screens, decorative plasterwork around a central courtyard, and deep cisterns; many have been continuously inhabited by the same families for two or three centuries.
The rehabilitation program prioritised houses of particular architectural significance, those identified by owners as houses they intended to return to, and houses within clusters whose restoration could anchor neighbourhood-level urban recovery. Each house has been documented before, during and after restoration; the program also carried an explicit workforce-development objective, with approximately 1,300 Iraqi heritage workers trained in traditional stonework, marble restoration, plasterwork, joinery and related crafts by mid-2023. ICCROM and the University of Mosul have been principal training partners. The Bab Al-Tob market reopened in early 2020, with most commercial units fully operational by 2025; the wider Sulaiman Al-Sayegh House and Meydan neighbourhood is gradually filling out.
One particularly visible example is the Mosul Heritage Art House, a traditional moslawi house with several storeys overlooking the Al-Nūrī Mosque that has been opened to visitors as a cultural centre and exhibition space. A handful of restored houses now operate as guest houses for visitors, providing an alternative to the small but growing hotel sector. For visitors, the experience of walking through the restored Old City, with its narrow streets and traditional architecture punctuated by the rebuilt minaret and the restored churches and convent, has become one of the principal cultural experiences the province offers.
That said, the rebuilding is not complete. UNESCO's program of 124 houses is significant but represents only a fraction of the surviving historic housing stock, estimated at between 400 and 800 dwellings. Whole sections of the Old City remain in ruins, with rebuilding proceeding house-by-house and street-by-street under federal and donor support. The Old City of 2026 is a mix of the restored, the ruined, and the in-progress.
v. Natural and landscape tourism
Beyond the cultural heritage, Nineveh's landscapes offer several distinctive tourism experiences. The Mosul Dam Lake (also called Lake Dohuk), the reservoir behind the Mosul Dam at the upstream end of the Tigris's regulated course, is a substantial body of water — 11.11 km³ at maximum capacity — with shoreline that runs through both Nineveh and Dohuk provinces. The lake has supported domestic Iraqi tourism for fishing, boating and shoreline picnicking since the dam's completion in 1986, with intermittent disruption since 2003.
The Sinjar Mountain (Jabal Sinjar), in the western kaza of the same name, is a dramatic east-west anticlinal ridge rising to 1,463 metres above the Jazira plain. The mountain is sacred to the Yazidi community, who took shelter on it during the 2014 genocide and whose ancestral villages cluster on its slopes; the post-2017 reconstruction has been slow (Heritage, § vi), but the mountain itself is accessible to visitors with appropriate coordination and the views from its summit are extraordinary.
The northeastern hills around Akre and Šeẖan, where Nineveh's territory rises into the foothills of the Zagros, offer a different landscape entirely — oak and pistachio woodland, terraced agriculture, mountain villages — and form the natural extension of the better-developed mountain tourism circuits of Iraqi Kurdistan. Akre's Newroz festival in March, with its hilltop fire-lighting ceremony, is a major regional draw. The Tigris itself, where it flows through Mosul, is a recreational asset whose riverfront is gradually being rehabilitated; the Old City's riverside houses on the right bank are among those being restored under the UNESCO program.
The southern desert of Nineveh, around Hatra, is a different landscape proposition — open Mesopotamian steppe, with the great ruined city at Hatra serving as the principal attraction. This area is climatically harsh from May through September; the principal visitor season is October through April.
vi. Museums and cultural institutions
The Mosul Museum (Matḥaf Ḥaḍārat al-Mawṣil), Iraq's second-largest museum after the Iraq Museum in Baghdad, will be the centerpiece of Nineveh's museum tourism circuit when it reopens. The museum's collections, partially looted after 2003 and devastated by Daesh in February 2015 (Heritage, § iv), have been undergoing reconstruction since 2018 under an unusual five-partner consortium — the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, the Mosul Cultural Museum, the Musée du Louvre, the Smithsonian Institution, and the World Monuments Fund — with funding from ALIPH (Heritage, § i). The reopening is scheduled for autumn 2026 and will mark the most significant single tourism milestone since the September 2025 reopening of the Al-Nūrī Mosque.
Other museum-style institutions in the province include the small but growing Mosul Heritage Art House referenced above; the various university museums at the University of Mosul and Al-Hadba University; the Mosul Cultural Museum's own restoration site which has become a destination in its own right during the reconstruction process; and a number of community-organised heritage centres in the Christian villages of the Nineveh Plain, where local communities have organised cultural-heritage centres documenting the displacement, return and rebuilding of their churches and villages.
The contemporary cultural institutions treated in our Culture entry — the Mosul Book Forum (founded late 2017 by Fahd Sabah and Hāris Yasin), the Şâne' creative hub at the disused railway station (opened June 2021), and the wider network of restored coffeehouses, bookshops and small galleries across the Old City and the university quarter — are increasingly visitor destinations in their own right, particularly for the cultural tourist interested in Mosul's contemporary life rather than only its ancient heritage. The Mosul Maqam traditional music festival, first held in March 2022 under UNESCO's Listening to Iraq programme and continued in subsequent years, is among the city's emerging cultural events.
vii. Infrastructure and access
The single most consequential infrastructure development for Nineveh tourism in this decade was the reopening of Mosul International Airport (IATA: OSM; ICAO: ORBM) on 16 July 2025 by Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani. The airport — destroyed during the 2017 retaking of Mosul and progressively rebuilt under a project led by Aéroports de Paris Ingénierie and SEA Milano with French and Italian government financing, executed on site by Turkish contractors TAV Construction and 77 Construction — is now operational with a 3-km extended and upgraded runway, a rebuilt main terminal, a new air-traffic-control tower, fire stations, security facilities, perimeter fencing, advanced surveillance radar systems and a VIP lounge. The design capacity is 630,000 passengers and 30,000 tons of cargo annually. (Infrastructure, § iv, treats the airport in detail.)
For Nineveh's visitor economy, the airport reopening matters in two ways. First, it removes the longstanding need for visitors to make a long road journey from Erbil or Baghdad for every visit — an obstacle that had constrained both individual visitor numbers and group-tour viability. Second, it signals to international tour operators and to the wider international community that Mosul is again a destination with the basic transport infrastructure expected of a place that can receive visitors. As of mid-2026, Iraqi Airways was the principal carrier serving Mosul, with regular service to Baghdad, Erbil and a limited number of regional destinations; commercial expansion to Gulf and other Middle Eastern routes was under discussion.
Beyond the airport, the road network connecting Mosul to Erbil, Dohuk, Tikrit and Baghdad is functional, though with checkpoint stops and travel times that reflect the country's overall security framework. The Mosul–Erbil road, in particular, is heavily used by visitors arriving via Erbil International Airport (which has long served as the international gateway for visitors to Iraqi Kurdistan and, by extension, to Nineveh). The bridges of Mosul (Infrastructure, § ii) are restored, and the Old City is accessible by car or on foot.
Hotels and hospitality in the province are at a more rudimentary stage of recovery than the heritage sites themselves. The pre-2014 hotel inventory was small — a handful of three- and four-star establishments in central Mosul and a smaller number in the districts. Many of these were damaged or destroyed during the occupation; some have been restored, several new establishments have opened, and a small but growing alternative-accommodation sector has emerged around the restored heritage houses and university guest-house programs. As of mid-2026, the city is best characterised as having sufficient accommodation for the visitor numbers currently arriving, with significant capacity headroom available if visitor numbers grow substantially.
The security situation in Nineveh in 2026 is a substantial improvement on the 2014–2017 period and on the difficult 2018–2020 immediate-aftermath years. Daesh remnants and the more diffuse insurgent activity that followed the 2017 liberation are still present at low levels in remote parts of the southern desert and the Sinjar district; the principal urban and heritage sites are secured by Iraqi federal security forces, with the Nineveh provincial police force playing the lead role in tourist-area security. Travel advice from foreign ministries varies but has generally relaxed since 2022; structured visits with reputable Iraqi tour operators, particularly those based in Erbil or Baghdad with local Nineveh contacts, are the most practical route for international visitors. Domestic Iraqi tourism — school groups, family visits, religious pilgrimage — has recovered more quickly and now constitutes the larger share of visitor numbers.
viii. 2014–2017 and the contested reopening
It would be incomplete to discuss Nineveh tourism without addressing directly the question of what the 2014–2017 events did to the tourism economy and what the reopening has and has not achieved. As we have noted throughout, the destruction was extensive: the Mosul Museum sacked, the Al-Nūrī Mosque and Al-Hadbāʾ Minaret destroyed, the Al-Saa Convent and the Al-Tahera Church damaged, the Tomb of the Prophet Jonah destroyed, parts of Nineveh's wall gates and the on-site reliefs damaged, Nimrud demolished, the antiquities sites of Hatra and Khorsabad damaged, and the visitor economy that depended on these sites destroyed alongside.
The restoration achievements are substantial. As of mid-2026, the three flagship religious-heritage sites are restored and operating. Most of Nineveh's gates and on-site reliefs are restored. Nimrud and Khorsabad are progressively returning to accessibility. Hatra remains on UNESCO's Endangered list but is undergoing active restoration. The Mosul Museum is months from reopening. 124 heritage houses are restored. The airport is open. Bridges are restored. The Old City is rebuilt in significant part.
The contested element is what the restoration does not achieve. The Christian community of Mosul itself, which numbered approximately 50,000 in the early 2000s, was reduced to a few thousand during the occupation; post-2017 return has been partial. The Yazidi community of Sinjar remains substantially displaced, with approximately 280,000 Yazidis still in displacement camps in Dohuk province as of 2026, and approximately 2,700 women and children kidnapped in 2014 still unaccounted for. The Jewish heritage of Mosul — long stretching from biblical times — remains in disrepair, partly because of historical ownership disputes and partly because of contemporary fears that restoration work might be associated with normalisation with Israel (made illegal under a 2022 Iraqi law). The restoration of the buildings does not by itself restore the religious diversity that those buildings once served, and the question of how to bring back not only the stones but the communities they housed is among the central unresolved questions of Mosul's reopening.
For tourism specifically, this means that what visitors encounter is a city in a state of complex, ongoing recovery. The headline restorations are real and impressive; the broader social fabric they were intended to support is recovering more slowly, more unevenly, and in some respects not at all. An honest visit to Nineveh in 2026 includes recognition of both achievements.
ix. The work ahead
The agenda for Nineveh tourism over the next decade includes several elements that can be sketched here as observations rather than predictions.
First, institutional capacity. The Nineveh Tourism Directorate, the federal Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities, and the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage are the principal Iraqi institutions involved. Their post-2017 capacity-building has lagged behind the physical reconstruction of the sites themselves; significant investment in marketing, in tour-operator licensing and quality assurance, in visitor-experience design at the heritage sites, and in the basic tourism statistics infrastructure that allows the sector to be planned and managed at scale, remains needed.
Second, marketing and international tourism. Nineveh's international profile is shaped overwhelmingly by what has happened to it rather than by what it offers. Recasting the international perception of the province as a heritage destination of world-historical significance — one that has come through extraordinary trauma and is welcoming visitors again — is a multi-year communications project that has barely begun. The September 2025 reopenings, with their associated international press coverage, represented a substantial first step.
Third, community involvement. The success of any sustainable tourism in Nineveh will depend on the involvement of the communities whose heritage is being visited — not as ornamental presence but as substantive participants in how their stories are told, what visitors are shown, and how visitor revenue flows. The Mosul Heritage Art House and similar community-led initiatives are early indicators of how this might develop. The Yazidi community, the Christian communities of the Nineveh Plain, and the Turkmen of Tal Afar each have particular stories that the heritage tourism circuit should be told with, not just about.
Fourth, balance. The temptation in post-conflict heritage tourism is to focus disproportionately on the spectacular and the iconic — the rebuilt minaret, the reopened museum — at the expense of less visible but equally significant elements: the smaller mosques and churches, the everyday craft practices, the working markets, the contemporary cultural life. The work of building a balanced visitor experience that does justice to the depth of what Nineveh contains is more difficult than the work of restoring its most photogenic monuments. The current generation of restorers, curators, and cultural workers — many of them Mosul-trained and Mosul-based — are well-placed to do that work if the institutional support follows.
The Old City of Mosul rebuilt by 2030, with a functioning Mosul Museum, restored Hatra, a maturing hospitality sector and a confident community of tour operators, guides, scholars and hosts, is a plausible vision. Getting there requires the same patient, year-on-year work that has been required of every other element of post-2017 reconstruction. The first phase of that work — the spectacular phase, with international funding, ribbon-cuttings and the visible restoration of the city's most iconic monuments — is now largely complete. The second phase, of building the visitor economy itself, has begun.
References
- UNESCO (2018–2025). Revive the Spirit of Mosul initiative — programme reports and monument-specific dossiers.
- UNESCO (1 September 2025). Inauguration of the Al-Nūrī Mosque, Al-Saa Convent, and Al-Tahera Church — official ceremony coverage.
- ArchDaily (September 2025). "UNESCO Culminates the Restoration Program of the City of Mosul, Iraq."
- The Art Newspaper (December 2025). "Mosul's heritage has seen a year of revival — will it be enough to bring back religious diversity?"
- The Art Newspaper (February 2025). "UNESCO completes restoration of Mosul heritage sites damaged under ISIS."
- Euronews (February 2025). "War-ravaged landmarks in Iraq's Mosul are reopening after UNESCO-led restoration project."
- U.S. News / Associated Press (February 2025). "Historic Landmarks in Iraq's Mosul Are Reopening as the City Heals From Islamic State Devastation."
- UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs (September 2025). "Funded by the UAE in Partnership with UNESCO and the European Union: UAE Participates in Opening Ceremony for Cultural and Heritage Sites in Mosul."
- ALIPH Foundation (2018–2025). Mosul Cultural Museum project reports — $15.8m total commitment.
- Iraqi Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities (2024). Annual reports on heritage site access and tourism statistics.
- Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (2018–2025). Records on Nineveh, Nimrud, Khorsabad, and Hatra restoration.
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre (1985, 2015). Hatra inscription and List of World Heritage in Danger entries.
- Pennsylvania Museum / Iraqi SBAH (2022). Nineveh site restoration and Mashki Gate records.
- Iraqi Civil Aviation Authority (2025). Mosul International Airport reopening announcement, 16 July 2025.
- Iraqi Ministry of Endowments (2018–2024). Nabi Yunus Mosque rehabilitation reports.
- Taylor & Francis / Studies in Conservation (2025). "Assessing Reconstruction Efforts in Old Mosul: Safety, Accessibility, and Infrastructure in Historic Public Places."
- ICCROM (2019–2024). Heritage workforce training records — 1,300 workers trained by mid-2023.
- UN Habitat / UN-Iraq (2025). Old Mosul urban regeneration status reports.